beverage machines used for sale (2,245)

Technical Specifications & Performance Data The Used Complete Bottling Line Krones, from the year 2015, is engineered for high-efficiency operations within the beverage production industry. Designed to process up to 48,000 bottles per hour, this second-hand machinery is ideal for medium to large-scale production needs. Production Speed: 48,000 bottles per hour Compatible Bottle Formats: 0.38 L, 0.55 L Container Types: PET Neck Type: 30/25 Machine Components: 12 items Advanced Automation & Control Systems This used bottling line is equipped with advanced automation capabilities and a user-friendly control panel, ensuring high precision in filling, labeling, and capping processes. The line includes integrated safety features, adhering to stringent industrial packaging standards, making it a reliable asset for operators. The electrical systems and automation technologies ensure streamlined  ...

Technical Specifications and Performance Data This pre-owned monoblock is manufactured by Omar and integrates drying, capsule application, and self-adhesive labeling functions into a compact rotary system designed for professional beverage production. The machine is equipped with a double capsule applicator with rotating heads for precise capsule application and three self-adhesive labeling units for front, back, and neck labels. It is ideal for presenting high-quality wines and can be integrated into a used bottling line or as a stand-alone module in an industrial packaging environment. Manufacturer: Omar Model: Simphony Washer-Dryer Year: 2010 Configuration: Drying module + double capsuling unit with rolling heads + 3 self-adhesive labeling stations (front/back/neck) Bottle Formats: Compatible with Bordeaux and Burgundy bottles Label Application: Pressure-sensitive (self-adhesive) for  ...

Used complete line for still wine - 8000 BPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis used bottling line is engineered for reliable beverage production and downstream industrial packaging at up to 8,000 bph. The configuration integrates an MBF filling monoblock (2002) composed of a rinser, filler, and capper, specifically designed for straight cork (flush-to-mouth) application. The line further features a ROBINO & GALANDRINO POKER Z 6/8 (2002) capsuling and shrink-wrapping machine, followed by APE Impianti case handling and KOSME labeling technology. This setup offers robust performance for second-hand applications and flexible format management typical of glass and PET bottle operations.Production speed: 8,000 bottles per hourFilling Monoblock: MBF (Year 2002) – Rinser, Filler, CapperCapping System: Straight cork (flush-to-mouth / tappo raso)Capsuling/Shrinkage: ROBINO & GALA ...

Used Wine Bottling Line For Glass Bottles of 3L – 2000 BPH Technical features: 150 mm chain Production: 2000 carboys per hour Voltage: 380 Low voltage: 24v Frequency: 50Hz Working direction: right to the left Worktop height: 1240mm Carboy base format diameter: 51, 179 × 340 This line includes big italian brands, like Bardi, Bertolaso and Cavagnino&Gatti. The bottling line ends with labelling equipment, so different packing systems can be attached as needed. This can be standard cardboard boxes or tray plus film or wrap-around system closure. The two bottle sizes worked are 1,5L and 3 L but if needed this can be adapted for 0,75 L too. With additional payment it can be upgraded to create equipment for the inlet and outlet, the 0,75 L bottle size. It has a satin cork corker and aluminium screw cap capper, and an 8 head labeller with two adhesive stations. It performs gravity fillin ...

Used Complete Bottling Line Procomac 2000 1. Blow-mouldingmachine Typ SIPA SF12/8 (2002) 2. Chillerfor SIPA machine (2002) 3. Compressor Typ Kaeser (2002) includes: Air receiver 1000 liter, 16 bar, Mikrofilter/Carbonfilter, Screw-compressor CS121/12 bar Air receiver 1000 liter, 45 bar, Pre-filter HP-Compressor (Booster) N753-G HP- Airdryer THP 142 48 Microfilter, Carbonfilter 4. 40m Airconveyor Typ Procomac (2002) 5. Rinser-Filler-Capper24/24/6 Typ ProcomacMuvitec(2000) Capper also for sports-cap incl. 6. Labellingmachine Type Futura, hotglue (2000) 7. Bottleinspector Type Logis&Controls (2000) 8. Bottle transporter Krones (speed-controled) (2000) 9. Handle Applicator Twinpack (2000) 10. Packingmachine & Shrinktunnel Kettner (2001) 11. Packing-robot Profipac (2005) 12. Wrappingmachine Robotec (2002) Formats 1. O.5 liter bottle height 220mm Diameter 66mm Label 215 x 70mm 2. 1.5 liter bott ...

Used complete CSD canning line 2018 - 24.000 bphTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis complete CSD canning line is a second hand, used bottling line configured for aluminum cans and engineered for reliable beverage production. Manufactured by ZhongChen, the line is designed to deliver consistent quality for carbonated soft drinks at industrial packaging scales. It features a comprehensive equipment set from mixing through downstream wrapping, enabling smooth, continuous operations.Production Speed: 24,000 bphContainer Type: Aluminum cansAvailable Volume Range: 0.33LProduct: CSD (carbonated soft drinks)Build Year: 2018 (major equipment)Main Equipment: Mixer, Filling Machine, Can Seamer, Can Rinser, Can Warmer, Shrink Wrapper, Depalletizer, Conveyor System, COP SystemManufacturer: ZhongChenAdvanced Automation & Control SystemsThe line is arranged for synchronized operation across ...

Technical Specifications & Performance Data This rotary glass bottle rinser from Vir Mauri is a robust second hand solution for beverage production lines seeking reliable pre-filling sanitation. Fully overhauled, it offers stable throughput for medium-speed operations and integrates seamlessly into a used bottling line focused on rinsing prior to filling, capping, and labeling. Manufacturer: Vir Mauri Year of manufacture: 1990 Category: Rinsing Machine (rotary) Operating speed: up to 7,000 bottles per hour (BPH) Container types: Glass bottles Bottle handling: 28 grippers, clockwise rotation Nozzle configuration: movable/penetrating spray nozzles Treatment: single-stage water rinse Machine condition: overhauled, in storage Safety features: included (guards and emergency stops) Advanced Automation & Control Systems Designed for dependable operation in industrial packaging environments, thi ...

Used Isobaric Complete Bottling Line for Still and Sparkling Wine up to 4500 bph This complete bottling line has been designed and configured to provide a high-quality, consistent filling process for both still and sparkling wines. Built around an isobaric tribloc system, it integrates rinsing, filling, and capping functions in a continuous flow, ensuring excellent efficiency while maintaining product integrity. The line is currently set up for still wines at an output of 4,500 bottles per hour and for sparkling wines at 3,000 bottles per hour. It is already technically prepared for sparkling wine production and only requires the addition of a mushroom corker, a capsule applicator for spumante hoods, and a heating tunnel if needed. The system is equipped with dedicated conveyors, a centralized lubrication system, and separate control panels for conveyor management, enabling straightforwa ...

Used Complete Krones PET Bottling Line – 22,000 BPH – OverviewUsed Complete Krones PET Bottling Line – 22,000 BPH – Overview This second hand, ultra-clean Krones PET bottling line is a complete, high-efficiency solution for beverage production and industrial packaging across cider, sparkling water, still water and CO2-mixed juices. Built by Krones and GEA in 2010 and kept in production with OEM service, the line delivers up to 22,000 bottles per hour (0.5 L) and 18,000 bph (1.5 L), combining a Contiform S12M blow molder directly coupled to an ultra-clean isobaric filler-capper bloc. It is a market-ready used bottling line designed for reliability, hygiene, and quick format changeovers in PET.Technical Specifications & Performance DataManufacturer: Krones and GEAYear of manufacture: 2010Working hours: approx. 47,000Nominal capacity: 22,000 bph (0.5 L) | 18,000 bph (1.5 ...

Technical Specifications & Performance Data The Used Saturator Rivi 1990, model Carborivi 30, is a robust carbonation unit designed for continuous beverage production. Suited to modern and legacy used bottling line configurations, it provides reliable CO2 dissolution for water and carbonated beverages prior to filling. This second hand industrial packaging asset is appropriate for integration upstream of rinsing, filling, capping, and labeling equipment handling PET, glass, or aluminum containers. Manufacturer: Rivi Model: Carborivi 30 Year of manufacture: 1990 Operational status: In production Nominal throughput: up to approximately 30,000 L/h (product- and temperature-dependent) Processed products: water and carbonated beverages Container compatibility (via downstream filler): PET bottles, glass bottles, aluminum cans Dimensions (W × L × H): 2500 × 1500 × 3500 mm Documentat ...

Tecnoindustria Used Pasteurizer Completely Overhauled Tecnoindustria brand mesh pasteurizer all stainless steel with squared stainless steel mesh complete with water recycling tanks with relative pumps, infeed and outfeed belt for jars or boxes, blower for drying jars or boxes, steam modulating group, heat exchanger, various connecting pipes and all its accessories for operation. The machine is totally overhauled It is made up of two sectors of which: first sector useful length 11450 mm second sector useful length 7350 mm overall dimensions: Total length 18.70 meters without ribbons Useful belt length axis by axis: 18.45 m Useful net width 2.00 m. Overall width of the machine body 2.36 m Overall width including trays 2.36 m + 0.65 m total 3.01 m Total useful area of the machine sq.m. 36.90 Height 1400 Features by section Sterilization length: mm. 7,700 useful Pre-cooling length: mm. 3,30 ...

Gea Procomac Used Complete Bottling Line These are machines that are part of a bottling line having the following characteristics. • Bottling line speed: 7,000 / 8,000 bt/h of 75 cl sparkling wine and 10,000 / 11,000 bt/h of 75 cl still wine • Bottling line designed for the bottling of the following formats: 20cl – 37.5cl – 75cl – 150cl Below is the year of manufacture for each piece of equipment with the relative sale price: 1. Bortolin-Kemo depalletiser – year of commissioning: 1993 Filling 2. Gea Procomac filling monoblock – year of commissioning: 2000 Including: Gea Procomac rinser – 54 taps Ozosteril Gea Procomac for the production of ozonated water to be used in rinsers – year of commissioning: 1993 Gea Procomac isobaric filler – 56 taps Cork capper Arol – 8 heads (set of mouthpieces for mushroom cap and set of mouthpieces for  ...

Alfa Laval Pasteurizer – Overview This pre-owned Alfa Laval pasteurizer is designed for continuous thermal treatment of dairy liquids, ensuring product safety and consistent quality for downstream processing and packaging. Built by Alfa Laval engineering, it offers reliable performance for beverage production and dairy operations seeking a dependable second hand unit to integrate into a used bottling line or industrial packaging environment. With a capacity range of 3,000 to 5,000 L/h, it is well suited for medium-scale production of milk destined for cheese, yogurt, sour cream, and goat’s milk applications. Recognized for robust construction and sanitary design, this pasteurizer supports efficient heat exchange and stable process control. Its throughput and versatility make it a practical choice for processors looking to optimize line efficiency without compromising hygiene or ...

Complete Bottling Line for Water (PET 1.5L) – Overview This used PET bottling line is configured for still water in 1.5-liter bottles, delivering a performance range of approximately 12,000 to 16,000 bottles per hour. Designed for industrial packaging and beverage production, it combines proven second hand equipment from recognized manufacturers to offer a reliable, efficient solution for a used bottling line. The configuration includes preform handling, blow molding, filling, capping support, labeling, shrink wrapping, handle application, palletizing, and conveyors, enabling a seamless end-to-end packaging process. Key components include a preform tipper and elevator by Sameto Technifil, a Siedel SBO10 blow molder, an Alsim Asmojet filler, an Arol cap feeder, a Kronos Contiroll labeling machine, an ACMI Fenix 165 shrink wrapper, and a Smipack HA50 handle applicator. This versatile  ...

Used Automatic 18.9L bottling line 500 BPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis automatic bottling line is engineered specifically for large 18.9L bottles, delivering dependable performance for washing, disinfecting, filling, and capping. Designed as a complete, synchronized system, it provides consistent throughput and accurate operations across all stages.Production speed: 500 bottles per hourTotal output: 9450 liters per hourBottle format: 18.9LProcess stations: Washing, disinfecting, filling, cappingFilling heads: 6Operation: Fully automatic lineApplication: Ideal for high-volume, large-format bottle handlingAdvanced Automation & Control SystemsThe line operates with automated sequencing across each station to maintain stable throughput and reduce operator intervention. Controls support straightforward start/stop and changeover procedures to keep change times minimal and ma ...

Used Premix Procomac Starmix - 8000 LPH Technical Specifications & Performance DataThe Procomac Premix Starmix 15000 is a robust premixing unit engineered for beverage production environments within a used bottling line or as part of a second hand industrial packaging setup. Designed to prepare still and carbonated beverages prior to filling, it delivers consistent mixing quality and stable carbonation control for water and soft drink applications. Built for reliability, this unit integrates seamlessly into modern bottling equipment and packaging machinery workflows.Manufacturer: ProcomacModel: Starmix 15000Year of manufacture: 1993Maximum output: 8000 (dependent on product and configuration)Containers: Designed for PET and Glass bottle handlingProcessed products: Still water, sparkling water, soft drinksWorking pressure: 6 barDimensions (L x W x H): 2400 x 4100 x 4000 mmWeight: 2000 kgE ...

Used Tetra Pak TBA-8 SQ 1000 ml filling lineTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis complete aseptic carton packaging line centers on a Tetra Pak TBA/8-1000 SQ, delivering reliable performance for high-quality beverage production and industrial packaging applications. Engineered for 1.0L carton formats, the line integrates filling, capping, conveying, case packing, and shrink-wrapping functions to provide a cohesive used bottling line solution for second hand operations seeking dependable uptime and consistent output.Primary filler: Tetra Pak TBA/8-1000 SQ (aseptic) (3.862 working hours).Production speed: up to 5,000 packages per hourContainer type: Carton (Tetra Pak style)Format compatibility: 1.0L cartonsCapping unit: Tetra Cap Applicator 88 Lid (for Stream Cap closures) ( 7.709 working hours).Secondary packaging: Tetra Cardboard Packer TCBP-70Shrink tunnel: Tetra Thermo Shrink ...

Used SIG CSD can filling line 30000 BPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis used bottling line features industrial components engineered by Krones and SIG Simonazzi, suitable for second hand industrial packaging and beverage production environments. Verified data plates provide key technical values to support integration and qualification.Year of construction: 2003Electrical supply: 400 V, 3-phaseFrequency: 50 HzRated current: 37 AShort-circuit rating (ICW/ICU): 1.26 kAPressure vessel volume: 504 litersTest pressure (PT): 11.44 barAllowable temperature range (TS): -4 °C to 50 °CCompliance: CE 0036Manufacturers: Krones, SIG SimonazziAdvanced Automation & Control SystemsThe line incorporates an industrial-grade power and control architecture designed for reliable 24/7 operation in beverage packaging. Three-phase power distribution at 400 V and 50 Hz supports stable perform ...

Used Kronse CSD filling line for Glass 36000 BPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis used bottling line is a high-speed Krones complete line engineered for glass bottle carbonated soft drink production. Designed for industrial packaging and beverage production, it offers robust performance with low hours and premium Krones build quality.Manufacturer: KronesYear of manufacture: 2012Nominal capacity: 36,000 bphContainer type: Glass bottlesBottle neck finish: 28 mmVolume format: 1.0LRinsing heads/nozzles: 90Filling valves: 70 (isobaric filler for CSD)Capping heads/nozzles: 18Working hours: 759Electrical ratings: 400/230 V, 50 Hz (full-load current up to 46 A on major modules)Line components: Linatronic inspector, rotary bottle washing machine, isobaric filling machine, Checkmat inspector, Autocol labeling machine, Variopac carton packer, Modulpal palletizer, conveyor systemDocume ...

Used GEA Procomac Aseptic line 48000 BPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis used bottling line is a high-performance aseptic PET solution engineered by GEA Procomac for industrial packaging and beverage production. Designed for second hand acquisition without sacrificing technical integrity, the line delivers a rated capacity of 48,000 BPH with dry aseptic technology and integrated fruit-piece dosing capability.Rated capacity: 48,000 BPHAseptic method: Dry asepticContainer format: 0.23L (two different molds)Bottle neck & cap: 38mm neck, double-layer 38mm capBlower: SIPA, 24 cavitiesFiller: GEA Procomac Fillstar FX isobaric filler, 84 valvesFruit-piece dosing: 24 valvesCapper: 24 nozzlesGas unit: None (suitable for low-acid and neutral products)Operating hours: 8000Year of manufacture: 2018Downstream speeds: Dual 24,000 BPH modules on key packaging operationsKey models/codes:  ...

Used KRONES filling glass line for beer 34000 BPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis complete glass bottling line for beer is a high-speed, second hand solution engineered by Krones for industrial packaging and beverage production. Designed for crown cap closures and glass bottle handling, the line delivers excellent throughput and quality control across multiple formats. It is an ideal used bottling line for breweries looking to increase capacity with proven equipment.Production speed: up to 34,100 bphFormat performance: 34,100 bph for 0.33L, 0.355L, 0.45L; 30,000 bph for 0.5L, 0.75LCompatible formats: 0.33L, 0.355L, 0.45L, 0.5L, 0.75L bottlesContainers: Glass bottlesClosure type: Crown capYear of manufacture: 2017Recorded operating hours: 25,655Key equipment: LAVATEC D4.CCD.EQ318 bottle washer; MODULFILL HES 2.880-104-87 filling monoblock; LINAFLEX LB24.7-523-41 tunnel past ...

Used Alfa Laval Flexitherm mini flash pasteuriser 15 HL-HTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThe Flexitherm Mini is a compact flash pasteurizer module engineered for precise thermal treatment of beverages within an industrial packaging environment. Manufactured by Alfa Laval in 2021, this skid-mounted system combines efficient heat exchange with automated control to stabilize product quality before filling. Optimized for small to mid-scale beverage production, it offers a reliable solution for breweries and beverage processors seeking second hand or never-used equipment that integrates easily into a used bottling line.Manufacturer: Alfa LavalModel: Flexitherm MiniYear: 2021Pasteurization Type: FlashCapacity: 5–15 hl/hMain skid dimensions (L×W×H): 2800 mm × 2000 mm × 2300 mmIncluded components: Main skid with integrated control panel, external pump, and buffer tank ...

Used KRONES Contiform 312 Pro complete line for PET 24000 BPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis used bottling line is engineered for high-efficiency PET bottle production and includes a Krones Contiform 312 Pro stretch blow molding system with matching auxiliaries. Designed for industrial packaging and beverage production environments, it delivers reliable output for second hand operations seeking robust performance and quick integration.Production speed: 24,000 bphManufacturing year: 2019Operating hours: 5,300Main machine: Krones Contiform 312 Pro (12 cavities)Bottle formats: Compatible with 0.235L and 0.78L bottlesNeck finish: 38 mm (convertible to 28 mm)Container types: Designed for PET bottle handlingTechnology: 3rd generation platform, IR preform heating, servo-driven stretchIncluded components: AF Compressors high-pressure compressor and dryer, KKT chillers WTS 70 wate ...

Used Wine Filling Line 2000 Complete line for still wine filling, consisting of the following machines: Used Depalletizer Automatic depalletizer branded Oma model Depalblock 2000 built in 2002. It reaches speeds of 6000 BPH for the 0.75 lt format. In addition to that it works formats such as bottles of 0.375 – 0.75 and 1.50. This used depalletizer is supplied with all its accident prevention protections and also the user manuals. The loading is carried out from above and there is neither an interlayer removal system nor a pallet magazine. Instead, there are spare parts available. Measurements: Length: 2950 mm Width: 2133 mm Height: 2530 mm Weight: 1550 kg. Volt consumption: 380 Kw: 2 Hz: 50 Used Filling Monoblock of this Used Wine Filling Line The manufacturer of this monoblock is Ave Impianti, and it is an Oceanic 16-16-4 model. It works with the same formats from 0.375 – 0.75 ...

Used Aseptic Filling Line Tetra Pak A3 FLEX 1000S up to 9000 l h The Used aseptic filling line Tetra Pak A3 FLEX 1000S up to 9000 l h provides an advanced solution for aseptic bottling of liquid products. Specifically, it can reach a production capacity of 9000 liters per hour. This line ensures maximum efficiency and reliability when filling dairy products and juices. Moreover, its fully integrated aseptic process preserves the organoleptic and microbiological characteristics of the product. Main Components of the Aseptic A3 Flex 1000S line Homogenizer and Sterilizer – 12 tons per hourThe homogenization and sterilization system of the Used aseptic filling line Tetra pak A3 FLEX 1000S up to 9000 l/h stabilizes the product and eliminates microorganisms through controlled thermal treatment. Furthermore, its 12 tons per hour capacity allows it to handle large volumes while maintaining  ...

Technical Summary and Application Scope – ATES Giorgia 6000 bphThe ATES Giorgia 8000 bph is a continuous-motion washing and rinsing system for glass bottles, suitable for both returnable and new bottles. It is designed for stand-alone use or seamless integration into existing or new bottling lines. Built primarily from AISI 304 stainless steel with plastic baskets and continuous-motion conveying, the machine ensures robust performance with industrial-grade safety protections.Main Technical DataType: Industrial glass bottle washer and rinser, suitable for recycled and new bottles.Nominal output capacity: up to 6,000 bottles/hour depending on bottle format, contamination level, and line configuration.Materials: AISI 304 stainless steel structure; plastic baskets; stainless-steel doors and inspection windows.Mechanical composition: Shelves, baskets for bottle housing, and automatic loa ...

Used Isobaric PET Complete Bottling Line for Water CSD 18000 bph 2L Technical Specifications & Performance Data Year 2000 complete PET line with isobaric volumetric filling, configured for 2.0 L at up to 18,000 bottles/hour. Built around Krones and Simonazzi equipment, this used water bottling machine handles still water, sparkling water, and carbonated soft drinks with consistent fill control and stable throughput. Line type: Used isobaric PET complete bottling line (second hand) Nominal speed: up to 18,000 bottles/hour (2.0 L PET) Bottle formats: 2.0 L Container type: PET (air-conveyed handling) Product range: Water (still and sparkling), CSD Fill technology: Volumetric isobaric rinsing/filling/capping monoblock with downstream labeling and end-of-line packaging Line composition: Approx. 14 integrated machines including blow molder, air conveyors, rinser/filler/capper monoblock, labele ...

Technical Specifications & Performance Data Engineered for continuous olive oil extraction and seamless downstream packaging, this second hand line pairs traditional granite milling with modern separation. It can interface with a used bottling line for edible oil in PET or glass containers, supporting efficient industrial packaging workflows. Throughput: up to 2,500 kg/h (≈2.5 t/h) of olives, continuous duty Year of manufacture: 2000 Condition: READY FOR OPERATION Primary process stages: reception and elevating conveyors, washing/deleafing, four-wheel granite stone mill, malaxation (4 stainless tanks), vibrating screen, Barracane 4015 decanter centrifuge, Alfa Laval final separator (approx. 2000 L), centralized electrical panel Key components (sample): Various Equipment – Barracane 4015 decanter (2000), elevating conveyor, stainless malaxers with gear-driven paste pumps, Alfa L ...

Technical Specifications & Performance Data This used bottling line is a complete GAI-based solution for small to mid-scale beverage production, engineered specifically for beer. Built in 2016 and maintained in ready-for-operation condition, it delivers consistent quality and reliable throughput for breweries seeking a second hand, high-value system. Manufacturer: GAI (filling monoblock), Enos (labeling) Production speed: up to 900 bottles/hour Filling technology: Isobaric counter-pressure; Fill type: 5 Container types: Glass bottles Bottle formats: 0.33 L, 0.50 L, 0.70 L Product types: Beer (optimized for carbonated beer) Line components: GAI filling monoblock (rinsing–filling–capping configuration), Enos labeling system Condition: READY FOR OPERATION Documentation: Manuals available Safety: Safety features included (guarding and interlocks typical for modern lines) Advanced ...

Used Tetra pak line Overhauled TBA 19 200 ml slim Technical Specifications & Performance DataThis used bottling line is a second hand Tetra Pak aseptic carton packaging solution configured for 200 ml Slim packs. It is engineered for industrial packaging and beverage production of milk and juice products, with reliable performance and efficient downstream handling.Configuration: Tetra Pak TBA/19 200B Slim filler + TSA21 straw applicator + TCP70 case packer + conveyor line + line controller and paper trolleyProduction speed: up to 7,500 packs/hourPack volume: 200 ml SlimFilling technology: AsepticContainer type: Carton (brick packs)Main models and codes: TBA/19 200B (Dev. Step 010V), TSA21, TCP70Operating hours: 26,600Indicative years: filler 2000, packer 2008, straw applicator 2000Advanced Automation & Control SystemsThe line is equipped with industrial automation architecture suitable fo ...